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来源:彩神app网址2023-12-09 17:48

  

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“创新X”系列首发星发布第二批成果******

  【科技前沿】

  从中国科学院获悉,“创新X”系列首发星——空间新技术试验卫星(SATech-01)发布了第二批科学与技术成果,包括46.5纳米极紫外太阳成像仪(SUTRI)开机并获得我国首幅太阳过渡区图像;HEBS探测到了迄今最亮的伽马射线暴;国产CPT原子磁场精密测量系统伸杆成功并首次获得全球磁场勘测图;多功能一体化相机、异构多核智能处理单元、可展收式辐射器和空间元器件辐射效应试验平台也都完成了在轨试验并获得满意的验证成果。

  成果一:

  46.5纳米极紫外成像仪获得我国首幅太阳过渡区图像

  46.5纳米极紫外太阳成像仪(SUTRI)是国际首台基于多层膜窄带滤光技术的46.5纳米太阳成像仪,用于探测50万度左右的太阳过渡区(太阳色球与日冕之间的层次),由国家天文台联合北京大学、同济大学、西安光学精密机械研究所和微小卫星创新研究院共同研制。

  自8月30日载荷开机以来获取了超过1.6TB的探测数据,成功实现了我国首次太阳过渡区探测。SUTRI拍摄的图像清晰地显示了过渡区网络组织、活动区冕环系统、日珥和暗条、冕洞等结构,这些结构的观测特征表明,SUTRI拍摄的确实是从太阳低层大气往日冕过渡的结构,符合预期。同时,SUTRI已探测到多个耀斑、喷流、日珥爆发和日冕物质抛射事件,表明其数据适合研究各种类型的太阳活动现象。此外,SUTRI还发现活动区普遍存在50万度左右的、朝向太阳表面的物质流动,这些流动在太阳大气的物质循环过程中占有重要地位。

  目前SUTRI一切功能正常,在轨测试和标定结束后,SUTRI观测的科学数据将向国内外太阳物理和空间天气同行全部开放。

  成果二:

  高能爆发探索者(HEBS)捕获到迄今为止最亮伽马暴

  由中科院高能物理研究所研制的高能爆发探索者(HEBS)于北京时间10月9日21时17分,与我国慧眼卫星和高海拔宇宙线观测站同时探测到迄今最亮的伽马射线暴(编号为GRB 221009A)。

  根据HEBS的精确测量结果,该伽马射线暴比以往人类观测到的最亮伽马射线暴还亮10倍以上,打破了伽马射线暴的最高各向同性能量以及最大各向同性峰值光度等多项纪录。由于该伽马射线暴的亮度极高,国际上绝大部分探测设备均发生了严重的数据饱和丢失、脉冲堆积等仪器效应,难以获得精确测量结果。HEBS凭借创新的探测器设计以及新颖的高纬度观测模式设置,探测器经受住了高计数率的考验,获得了高时间分辨率的光变曲线,以及10千电子伏至5兆电子伏的宽能段能谱。HEBS极为宝贵的精确测量结果对于揭示伽马射线暴的起源和辐射机制具有重要意义。

  成果三:

  国产量子磁力仪首次空间应用并获得全球磁场图

  由中科院国家空间科学中心和中科院沈阳自动化研究所联合研制的国产量子磁力仪(CPT)及伸展臂,可实现全球地磁矢量和标量高精度测量。11月7日,多级套筒式无磁伸展臂顺利展开,将各传感器探头伸出约4.35米距离,处于伸展臂顶端的CPT原子/量子磁力仪探头、AMR磁阻磁力仪探头、NST星敏感器获取了有效探测数据,首次在轨验证了磁场矢量和姿态一体化同步探测技术,磁测量噪声峰峰值<0.1nT,实现了国产量子磁力仪的首次空间验证与应用。

  除此之外,创新X系列首发卫星的其他空间载荷、平台新技术也取得丰富成果。例如,由中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所空间新技术部研制的多功能一体化相机,成功取得首张170千米×42千米大幅宽地面遥感图像,探索了单台相机即可同时实现多谱段多模态遥感成像的新模式,为我国未来高集成度一体化空间光学遥感载荷发展提供了技术储备。

  SATech-01由中科院微小卫星创新院抓总研制,已在轨运行4个多月。目前,星上的四个科学载荷已进入常规化观测,搭载的几种新型推进系统等载荷也将陆续开展在轨试验。(记者齐芳)

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

  •   (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)

    [责编:天天中]
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